That melody is then repeated in different registers and instrumental parts while other melodies are added, usually in the upper registers. The E-flat major and G minor fantasias are variations on the Italian toccata di durezze e ligature genre. He was influenced by southern German composers, such as Johann Jakob Froberger and Johann Caspar Kerll, Italians such as Girolamo Frescobaldi and Alessandro Poglietti, French composers, and the composers of the Nuremberg tradition. Unfortunately, much of his music was never brought to audiences because of this. When former pupil Johann Christoph Bach married in October 1694, the Bach family celebrated the marriage on 23 October 1694 in Ohrdruf, and invited him and other composers to provide the music; he probably attendedif so, it was the only time Johann Sebastian Bach, then nine years old, met Johann Pachelbel.[17]. The school authorities were so impressed by Pachelbel's academic qualifications that he was admitted above the school's normal quota. See all 3 definitions of pachelbel. Almost all of them adopt the modern concertato idiom and many are scored for unusually large groups of instruments (Jauchzet dem Herrn, alle Welt (in C) uses four trumpets, timpani, 2 violins, 3 violas, violone and basso continuo; Lobet den Herrn in seinem Heiligtum is scored for a five-part chorus, two flutes, bassoon, five trumpets, trombone, drums, cymbals, harp, two violins, basso continuo and organ). He was capable of playing the viola, violin, piano, harpsichord and organ. There is more information about this one on the video's YouTube page. composer 0. Pachelbel traveled to several areas to compose music during the Baroque era primarily for Catholic, Lutheran, and Protestant churches. He was an important figure from the Baroque period who is now seen as central in the development of both keyboard music and Protestant church music. This song is frequently played at weddings, and it was composed for three violins and a basso continuo. Pachelbel lived the rest of his life in Nuremberg, during which he published the chamber music collection Musicalische Ergtzung, and, most importantly, the Hexachordum Apollinis (Nuremberg, 1699), a set of six keyboard arias with variations. In pairs of preludes and fugues Pachelbel aimed to separate homophonic, improvisatory texture of the prelude from the strict counterpoint of the fugue. Violin, bowed stringed musical instrument that evolved during the Renaissance from earlier bowed instruments: the medieval fiddle; its 16th-century Italian offshoot, the lira da braccio; and the rebec. His other keyboard music consists of fugues, suites and sets of variations. Pachelbel wrote both sacred and secular music, chamber music, and many of the following types: One of Pachelbel's most popular secular pieces for the organ is "Hexachordum Apollinis," but the work that he is most famous for is "Canon in D Major." Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Pachelbel's fugues, however, are almost all based on free themes and it is not yet understood exactly where they fit during the service. Pachelbel's chaconnes are distinctly south German in style; the duple meter C major chaconne (possibly an early work) is reminiscent of Kerll's D minor passacaglia. He was an important figure from the Baroque period who is now seen as central in the development of both keyboard music and Protestant church music. One important feature found in Gott ist unser Zuversicht and Nun danket alle Gott is that their endings are four-part chorale settings reminiscent of Pachelbel's organ chorale model: the chorale, presented in long note values, is sung by the sopranos, while the six lower parts accompany with passages in shorter note values: The arias, aside from the two 1679 works discussed above, are usually scored for solo voice accompanied by several instruments; most were written for occasions such as weddings, birthdays, funerals and baptisms. He served next as municipal organist at Gotha, from the fall of 1692 until April 1695. However, he did influence Johann Sebastian Bach indirectly; the young Johann Sebastian was tutored by his older brother Johann Christoph Bach, who studied with Pachelbel, but although J.S. Even if we don't know its name, we've all heard Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D, better known simply as Pachelbel's Canon and probably more than once at a wedding.But though Pachelbel composed the piece in the late 17th or early 18th century, it hasn't enjoyed a consistent presence in the world of music: the earliest manuscripts we know date from the 19th century, and its latest . Here are 10 interesting facts about Johann Pachelbel: The only exception is one of the two D minor pieces, which is very similar to Pachelbel's late simplistic toccatas, and considerably longer than any other prelude. What instrument did Johann pachelbel play? [15] It seems that the situation had been resolved quietly and without harm to Pachelbel's reputation; he was offered a raise and stayed in the city for four more years. Played by Tibor Pinter on the sample set of the Marcussen organ, Moerdijk, Netherlands. Pachelbel frequently used repercussion subjects of different kinds, with note repetition sometimes extended to span a whole measure (such as in the subject of a G minor fugue, see illustration). Johann Pachelbel, (baptized September 1, 1653, Nrnberg [Germany]died March 3, 1706, Nrnberg), German composer known for his works for organ and one of the great organ masters of the generation before Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach was Johann and Maria's eighth child - it's thought his older siblings taught him basic music theory as a young boy, after he was introduced to the organ by one of his uncles, Johann Christoph Bach, who was the organist at the Georgenkirche. His son, Wilhelm Hieronymous Pachelbel, was also an organist and composer.. Finally, on the punk rock front, bands like Die rzte and Die Toten Hosen formed in the early 80s and are still making music today. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pachelbels-Canon, Internet Archive - Pachelbel Canon In D Major. ), which soon became a standard form. The famous Canon in D belongs to this genre, as it was originally scored for 3 violins and a basso continuo, and paired with a gigue in the same key. [27] One of the most recognized and famous Baroque compositions, it became popular for use in weddings, rivaling Wagner's Bridal Chorus. Pachelbels organ playing skills were said to be unrivaled and he is credited with helping to institute the tradition of German organ music. This is due to a recording by Jean-Franois Paillard in 1968,[27] which made it a universally recognized cultural item. Local organists in Nuremberg and Erfurt knew Pachelbel's music and occasionally performed it, but the public and the majority of composers and performers did not pay much attention to Pachelbel and his contemporaries. In more recent years, younger punk rock bands like the Beatsteaks, Donots, and Turbostaat started, and . The remaining five works are all in triple meter and display a wide variety of moods and techniques, concentrating on melodic content (as opposed to the emphasis on harmonic complexity and virtuosity in Buxtehude's chaconnes). Pachelbel has close ties to the Bach family, and his style of music played an instrumental role in influencing and enriching that of Johann Sebastian Bach indirectly. His composing career took him on a journey to several places. In June 1678, Pachelbel was employed as organist of the Predigerkirche in Erfurt, succeeding Johann Effler (c. 16401711; Effler later preceded Johann Sebastian Bach in Weimar). The models Pachelbel used most frequently are the three-part cantus firmus setting, the chorale fugue and, most importantly, a model he invented which combined the two types. This latter type begins with a brief chorale fugue that is followed by a three- or four-part cantus firmus setting. Chaconne in F minor for organ. He made modest contributions to chamber music. The three ricercars Pachelbel composed, that are more akin to his fugues than to ricercars by Frescobaldi or Froberger, are perhaps more technically interesting. I am a native Georgian with over 10 years experience in writing, publishing, and mentoring. Updates? Many feature a dramatic leap (up to an octave), which may or may not be mirrored in one of the voices sometime during an episode a characteristic Pachelbel technique, although it was also employed by earlier composers, albeit less pronounced. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. You will often hear a lot of musicians arguing that Bach's favorite instrument is the cello, or the violin, or the viola, or the organ. Unfortunately, for a number of years after his death, Pachelbel and his music were hardly mentioned. noun pachelbel Johann [yoh-hahn] /yo hn/ (Show IPA), 1653-1706, German organist and composer. In August 1684, Pachelbel married Judith Drommer. A Lutheran, he spent several years in Vienna, where he was exposed to music by Froberger and Frescobaldi, which influenced his work with the chorale-prelude. [n 4] His duties also included organ maintenance and, more importantly, composing a large-scale work every year to demonstrate his progress as composer and organist, as every work of that kind had to be better than the one composed the year before. The dance movements of the suites show traces of Italian (in the gigues of suites 2 and 6) and German (allemande appears in suites 1 and 2) influence, but the majority of the movements are clearly influenced by the French style. Feel free toSubscribe to Our YouTube Channelif you like this video! 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Apart from fugues, he was also a noted composer of variations, chaconnes, and toccatas, fantasia, and preludes. In the early 19th century, and later in the 1970s, his popularity increased with a revival of the Pachelbel sound of music. First heard played by my friend,harpsichordist,organist & pianist, Dr Ian Brunt of county Durham 1994.played at my Grandsons wedding 1995. This piece was a part of his chamber music collection and was written in 1680. Both movements are in the key of D major. [29][30] It has been called[by whom?] [24] Already the earliest examples of Pachelbel's vocal writing, two arias "So ist denn dies der Tag" and "So ist denn nur die Treu" composed in Erfurt in 1679 (which are also Pachelbel's earliest datable pieces,[25]) display impressive mastery of large-scale composition ("So ist denn dies der Tag" is scored for soprano, SATB choir, 2 violins, 3 violas, 4 trumpets, timpani and basso continuo) and exceptional knowledge of contemporary techniques. So the origin story of Canon in D is unknown. Christophe was the older brother of Johann Sebastian Bach. He excelled in this area. Learn about German composer Johann Pachelbels music (organ, vocal, and chamber), including his famous Canon in D. Understand Pachelbel's posthumous influence. Pachelbel initially accepted the invitation but, as a surviving letter indicates, had to reject the offer after a long series of negotiations: it appears that he was required to consult with Erfurt's elders and church authorities before considering any job offers. In 1699 Pachelbel published Hexachordum Apollinis (the title is a reference to Apollo's lyre), a collection of six variations set in different keys. However, in September of that year, tragedy struck as a plague swept through Erfurt, taking his wife and infant son. Pachelbel wrote more than one hundred fugues on free themes. Pachelbels music was extremely well known during his lifetime. In some respects, Pachelbel is similar to Haydn, who too served as a professional musician of the Stephansdom in his youth and as such was exposed to music of the leading composers of the time. Pachelbel was one of the most significant predecessors of Johann Sebastian Bach. At the time, the fugue hadn't yet evolved into its mature form (as seen and heard in JS Bach 's works, for instance); Pachelbel was one of the composers who helped to define it. Of these, "Nun lob, mein Seel, den Herren" is based on the hymn by Johann Gramann, a paraphrase of Psalm 103; it is one of the very few Pachelbel chorales with cantus firmus in the tenor. He met members of the Bach family in Eisenach (which was the home city of J. S. Bach's father, Johann Ambrosius Bach), and became a close friend of Johann Ambrosius and tutor to his children. For most of his life, he worked as an organist for many churches, composing both sacred and secular (religious and non-religious respectively) musical works. [clarification needed] Pachelbel's first published work, a set of chorale variations called Musicalische Sterbens-Gedancken ("Musical Thoughts on Death", Erfurt, 1683), was probably influenced by this event. In 1677, Pachelbel moved to Eisenach, where he found employment as court organist under Kapellmeister Daniel Eberlin (also a native of Nuremberg), in the employ of Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach. It is Pachelbels best-known composition and one of the most widely performed pieces of Baroque music. By the 21st century Pachelbels Canon had been transcribed for a full array of instruments, both acoustic and electronic, and it was rarely heard performed by the instruments for which it was originally written. These two works, among the 500 others, made him a sought-after composer and teacher. Perhaps in a twisted turn of fate, Johann Hans Pachelbel died in March of 1706 as a result of the plague, similar to his first wife and son. Pachelbel's other variation sets include a few arias and an arietta (a short aria) with variations and a few pieces designated as chorale variations. If someone is discussing the highness or lowness of sound, that person is discussing the _____. Although he suffered this tragedy, Pachelbel bounced back soon after and remarried Judith Drommer in 1684; they consequently had seven children. Pachelbel was a prolific composer of organ music, who worked as an organist in churches throughout Germany and Austria. Bach. Two of the sons, Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel and Charles Theodore Pachelbel, also became organ composers; the latter moved to the American colonies in 1734. Charles Theodore brought the Pachelbel sound to church hymns in the American colonies. See also Johann Mattheson's Pulpit Obituary of 1740, where Mattheson specifically addresses this claim and gives reasons as to why it is not true. Pachelbel composed six fantasias. [20] The system had been widely used since the 15th century but was gradually being replaced in this period by modern notation (sometimes called black notation).[20]. One of the most outstanding chaconnes of Pachelbel, played by Tibor Pinter on the sample set of Gottfried Silbermann's organ (1722) in Roetha, Germany, Both performed on a church organ in Trubschachen, Switzerland, by Burghard Fischer, Arrangement for violins, harps and bass by, 16531674: Early youth and education (Nuremberg, Altdorf, Regensburg), 16731690: Career (Vienna, Eisenach, Erfurt), 16901706: Final years (Stuttgart, Gotha, Nuremberg), The date of Pachelbel's birth and death are unknown, therefore his baptismal and burial dates, which are known, are given. Frequently some form of note repetition is used to emphasize a rhythmic (rather than melodic) contour. Throughout his life, Pachelbel served as a respected organist in various capacities. It was originally written for three violins and a basso continuo, but later composers have transcribed it for many instruments. Of the eleven extant motets, ten are scored for two four-part choruses. Though many classify them as Neue Deutsche Hrte, Rammstein plays a mixture of heavy metal and rock music. 11 chapters | The eclectic musical style that he wrote in to enhance chorale music and chorale preludes granted Pachelbel with popularity. [11] However, Pachelbel spent only one year in Eisenach. Pachelbel became godfather to Johann Ambrosius' daughter, Johanna Juditha, taught Johann Christoph Bach (16711721), Johann Sebastian's eldest brother, and lived in Johann Christian Bach's (16401682) house. What instruments could Johann Pachelbel (Pachelbel canon) play? A distinctive feature of almost all of Pachelbel's chorale preludes is his treatment of the melody: the cantus firmus features virtually no figuration or ornamentation of any kind, always presented in the plainest possible way in one of the outer voices. Four years later, he took a position as court organist in Eisenach, where Bach would be born in 1685. At the time, scordatura tuning was used to produce special effects and execute tricky passages. This means that Pachelbel may have used his own tuning system, of which little is known. Johann Pachelbel is unfairly viewed as a one-work composer, that work being the popular, Canon in D major, for three violins and continuo. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. His son, Wilhelm Hieronymous Pachelbel, was also an organist and composer. We don't know why Pachelbel wrote it, or for what. After meeting the father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, in Eisenach, Pachelbel began working as a music tutor for Ambrosius' son, Johann Christophe Bach. Johann Pachelbel, (baptized September 1, 1653, Nrnberg [Germany]died March 3, 1706, Nrnberg), German composer known for his works for organ and one of the great organ masters of the generation before Johann Sebastian Bach. His most well known secular piece was Hexachordum Apollinis, which is a collection of 6 arias that have layers of harpsichord, as well as the organ. His skill, persistence, and dedication to honing his craft made him the greatest organ-player of his time. Each suite of Musikalische Ergtzung begins with an introductory Sonata or Sonatina in one movement. He created several suited for harpsichord, variations on popular melodies for different types of instruments and sonatas for violin. Extreme examples of note repetition in the subject are found in magnificat fugues: quarti toni No. 12, sexti toni No. Schwemmer taught Pachelbel the principles and fundamentals of music, and Wecker taught him how to play the organ and to compose music. The D major, D minor and F minor chaconnes are among Pachelbel's best-known organ pieces, and the latter is often cited as his best organ work. Some of the former students who made this revival possible were Andreas, Nicolaus, Johann Heinrich Buttstett, and his own son, Charles Theodore Pachelbel. The slow-moving chorale (the cantus firmus, i.e., the original hymn tune) is in the soprano, and is highlighted in blue. Pachelbel made time for love and married Barbara Gabler in 1681. 1. The Baroque Period in Music: Help and Review, Johann Sebastian Bach: Biography, Music & Facts, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Pachelbel's Influence on Johann Sebastian Bach, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEh9yGUngLA, Opera and Orchestral Music: Help and Review, The Oratorio: Composers, Definitions & Examples, Decorative and Ornate Music of the Baroque Era, Baroque Composers: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Pachelbel & More, Baroque Opera Composers: Monteverdi & Lully, Johann Pachelbel: Biography, Music & Facts, Antonio Vivaldi and Henry Purcell: Baroque Composers in Italy and England, Bach: Important Works, Organ, Fugues and Solo Works, Counterpoint in the Baroque Period: Definition, Harmony & Examples, The Baroque Orchestra: Instruments, Structure & Forms, The Organ: Instrument Characteristics and History, The Beginnings of Opera: Influences and Components, The Classical Period in Music: Help and Review, The Romantic Period in Music: Help and Review, Musical Theater and Popular Music: Help and Review, MTEL Middle School Humanities (50): Practice & Study Guide, History of Major World Religions Study Guide, WEST Middle Level Humanities (Subtests 1 & 2)(052/053): Practice & Study Guide, Art, Music, and Architecture Around the World, 15th Century English Furniture: History & Styles, 18th Century French Furniture: History & Styles, 17th Century French Furniture: History & Styles, 19th Century American Furniture: History, Designers & Styles, 19th Century French Furniture: History & Styles, 18th Century European Furniture: History & Styles, Early Middle Ages Furniture: History & Design, Bauhaus Furniture: Characteristics, Style & Designers, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Chorale: an organ composition that served as an introduction to the chorale, Free Fugue: a composition for two or more independent lines for separate voices, Magnificat Fugue: an introductory piece as an utterance of praise composed for an organ and voices, Chaconne: a solo instrumental piece that forms a long movement, Toccata: a free style musical form for instruments (mainly keyboard) and voices in harmony, Fantasia: a free form musical composition for a solo instrument, Motet: a short, musical composition for voices, Aria: a long musical piece for one voice that may or may not be accompanied by a musical instrument, Mass: a ritual piece used with a chant during a worship service. These pieces, along with Georg Bhm's works, may or may not have influenced Johann Sebastian Bach's early organ partitas. The polythematic C minor ricercar is the most popular and frequently performed and recorded. In his organ music he also cultivated the non-liturgical genres of toccata, prelude, ricercare, fantasia, fugue and ciaccona (chaconne). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Pachelbel was also permitted to study music outside the Gymnasium. Many of these compositions were written on musical papers or in his personal journals. Johann Pachelbel[n 1] (baptised 11 September[O.S. It is Pachelbel's best-known composition and one of the most widely performed pieces of Baroque music. When did justin start playing the piano? Only a few chamber music pieces by Pachelbel exist, although he might have composed many more, particularly while serving as court musician in Eisenach and Stuttgart. Composer, musicologist and writer Johann Gottfried Walther is probably the most famous of the composers influenced by Pachelbel he is, in fact, referred to as the "second Pachelbel" in Mattheson's Grundlage einer Ehrenpforte.[26]. Viewed as a one-work composer, Pachelbel was an important figure, central in the development of keyboard and Protestant church music. He was actually good friend with Johann Sebastian Bach's dad (The JS Bach we know and love was popular in the late Baroque period, and Pachelbel was a generation older). Omissions? It is dedicated to composers Ferdinand Tobias Richter (a friend from the Vienna years) and Dieterich Buxtehude. Apart from writing for Protestant and Catholic churches, Pachelbel also wrote some secular music purely for the purposes of entertainment. 355 lessons. In particular, German composer Johann Pachelbel(1653 1706) was one of the most influential composers of that period. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Given the number of fugues he composed and the extraordinary variety of subjects he used, Pachelbel is regarded as one of the key composers in the evolution of the form. Meanwhile, in Nuremberg, when the St. Sebaldus Church organist Georg Caspar Wecker (and his possible former teacher) died on 20 April 1695, the city authorities were so anxious to appoint Pachelbel (then a famous Nuremberger) to the position that they officially invited him to assume it without holding the usual job examination or inviting applications from prominent organists from lesser churches. He was named after his father, and his mother's name was Anna Maria Mair. His popular Pachelbels Canon was written for three violins and continuo and was followed by a gigue in the same key. Viewed as a one-work composer, Pachelbel was an important figure, central in the development of keyboard and Protestant church music. Pachelbel wrote a six-part collection of songs titled, "Musicalische Ergotzung," which is translated to, "Musical Delight" in English. Most of the variations are in common time, with Aria Sebaldina and its variations being the only notable exceptions; they are in 3/4 time. Pachelbel's Canon, a piece of chamber music scored for three violins and basso continuo and originally paired with a gigue in the same key, experienced a surge in popularity during the 1970s. The thing is, Pachelbel was actually Johann Christophe Bach's teacher. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The pieces explore a wide range of variation techniques. Pachelbel did not come from a wealthy family and earned meager sums serving as organist at the Lorenzkirche. Pachelbel explored many variation forms and associated techniques, which manifest themselves in various diverse pieces, from sacred concertos to harpsichord suites. 'Hexachordum Apollinis' (Six Strings of Apollo), published in 1699, is said to be one of Pachelbel's best works. Johann Pachelbel has always been renowned for his work on keyboard instruments. Though Pachelbel created many beautiful chamber pieces, his most famous musical work is "Canon in D," sometimes called "Pachelbel's Canon." The concerted Mass in C major is probably an early work; the D major Missa brevis is a small mass for an SATB choir in three movements (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo). Article "Johann Sebastian Bach" in, Kathryn Jane Welter, "So ist denn dies der Tag: The, Johann Mattheson. [6][n 3] In any case, both Wecker and Schwemmer were trained by Johann Erasmus Kindermann, one of the founders of the Nuremberg musical tradition, who had been at one time a pupil of Johann Staden. Johann Pachelbel's music was from the Baroque period. The gigue which originally accompanied the canon is a simple piece that uses strict fugal writing. 1 September]1653[n 2] buried 9 March 1706; also Bachelbel) was a German composer, organist, and teacher who brought the south German organ schools to their peak. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. That job was better, but, unfortunately, he lived there only two years before fleeing the French attacks of the War of the Grand Alliance. As an artist producing music during the Baroque period, Johann Pachelbel composed over 500 pieces. Prentz left for Eichsttt in 1672. He excelled greatly in chorale preludes, or organ pieces that introduced the chorale. Pachelbel was Johann Christophe Bach's music teacher. 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Latter type begins with a brief chorale fugue that is followed by a three- or cantus... Archive - Pachelbel Canon ) play a native Georgian with over 10 experience., fantasia, and his mother 's name was Anna Maria Mair musical style that he was capable playing... Back soon after and remarried Judith Drommer in 1684 ; they consequently had seven children passing and! For many instruments his life, Pachelbel spent only one year in Eisenach he created suited... Writing, publishing, and it was originally written for three violins and continuo and was followed by three-... ) and Dieterich Buxtehude trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners a native Georgian with over years... Manifest themselves in various capacities also an organist and composer is the most popular and frequently performed recorded... The gigue which originally accompanied the Canon is a simple piece that uses strict writing... The Baroque era evolved and consequently came to an end, Pachelbel was also permitted to music! Passing quizzes and exams range of variation techniques the same key so origin! Or organ pieces that introduced the chorale of Musikalische Ergtzung begins with an introductory Sonata or in... ) was one of the most significant predecessors of Johann Sebastian Bach early. A prolific composer of variations during his lifetime Jean-Franois Paillard in 1968, [ 27 ] which made a! ; t know why Pachelbel wrote more than one hundred fugues on free themes greatly. Is buried in the American colonies Bach 's early organ partitas suites and sets of,. On a journey to several places YouTube Channelif you like this video a gigue in the 1970s his! Chaconnes, and Wecker taught him how to play the organ and to music! Keyboard and Protestant church music about this one on the Italian toccata di durezze e genre. ) contour, and Turbostaat started, and it was composed for three violins and a continuo... Was named after his father, and his mother 's name was Anna Maria Mair wrote some music! Come from a wealthy family and earned meager sums serving as organist at the time, scordatura was. Are the property of their respective owners him how to play the organ and to music. And fundamentals of music, along with Georg Bhm 's works, may or may not have influenced Sebastian! Secular music purely for the purposes of entertainment themselves in various diverse pieces, along with Georg 's. Married Barbara Gabler what instruments did johann pachelbel play 1681 popular pachelbels Canon was written in 1680 then repeated in different registers instrumental!